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VAT Calculator 2026

Free UK VAT calculator for 2026. Add VAT to a net (VAT-exclusive) amount to find the gross total, or remove VAT from a gross amount to find the net and the VAT itself. Supports all three UK rates: standard 20%, reduced 5% and zero-rated 0%.

Your VAT result

  • Gross total (incl. VAT)£120.00
  • VAT amount£20.00
  • Net amount (excl. VAT)£100.00
  • Gross total (incl. VAT)£120.00
  • VAT rate applied20%

How is UK VAT calculated in 2026?

Value Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect tax charged on most goods and services in the UK, collected by VAT-registered businesses and paid to HMRC. This calculator works in two directions. “Add VAT” starts from a net base: VAT = net × rate, and the gross total = net + VAT. “Remove VAT” extracts the tax from a gross amount that already includes it: net = gross ÷ (1 + rate), and VAT = gross − net. For 2026 the UK keeps three VAT rates, unchanged: 20% is the standard rate (in effect since 4 January 2011) and applies to most goods and services; 5% is the reduced rate, applying to things like domestic fuel and power (home energy), children's car seats, energy-saving materials and welfare or mobility aids; 0% is the zero rate, applying to most food, books and newspapers, children's clothing and most prescription items — the trader charges 0% but can still reclaim input VAT. A worked example at the standard 20% rate: for a net base of £100.00 the VAT is 100 × 0.20 = £20.00, so the gross total is 100 + 20 = £120.00. The reverse — removing VAT from a gross total of £120.00 at 20% — gives net = 120 ÷ 1.20 = £100.00 and VAT = 120 − 100 = £20.00. At the reduced 5% rate, removing VAT from a gross £105.00 gives a net of £100.00 and £5.00 of VAT. Zero-rated items charge no VAT, so the net and gross are always equal. Note that “exempt” supplies (such as postage stamps and most financial and property transactions) are different from zero-rated and are not a selectable rate here. Businesses must register for VAT once taxable turnover exceeds the £90,000 threshold (rolling 12 months). Calculations keep full precision internally and amounts are shown to two decimal places.

Official source: HMRC / gov.uk · Data updated: 2026-06-03

Frequently asked questions

What are the UK VAT rates in 2026?

The UK has three VAT rates in 2026, unchanged from previous years: the standard rate of 20% (most goods and services, in place since 4 January 2011), the reduced rate of 5% (e.g. domestic fuel and power, children's car seats, energy-saving materials and mobility aids) and the zero rate of 0% (e.g. most food, books and newspapers, children's clothing and most prescription items).

How do I add VAT to a net amount?

To add VAT, multiply the net amount by the rate and add the result back. At the standard 20% rate on a net of £100.00, the VAT is 100 × 0.20 = £20.00 and the gross total is 100 + 20 = £120.00. In the calculator, choose the direction “Add VAT (net → gross)” and enter the net amount.

How do I remove (extract) VAT from a gross amount?

To remove VAT from a VAT-inclusive total, divide it by (1 + rate). At 20% on a gross of £120.00, the net is 120 ÷ 1.20 = £100.00 and the VAT is the difference: 120 − 100 = £20.00. In the calculator, choose the direction “Remove VAT / extract from total (gross → net)”.

What is the difference between zero-rated and exempt?

Zero-rated (0%) supplies are taxable but charged at 0%, so a registered business adds no VAT yet can still reclaim the input VAT it paid. Exempt supplies (such as postage stamps and most financial and property transactions) carry no VAT and generally do not allow input VAT to be reclaimed. Because of this, exempt is not a selectable rate in this calculator — only 20%, 5% and 0% are.

When does a business have to register for VAT?

A business must register for VAT once its taxable turnover exceeds £90,000 over any rolling 12-month period, or if it expects to exceed that threshold in the next 30 days. Registration can also be done voluntarily below the threshold, which lets a business reclaim input VAT. Always confirm your position with HMRC or an accountant.

Does this calculator replace deciding which VAT rate applies?

No. The calculator computes VAT for the rate you select, but it does not determine which rate is correct for a given good or service. Rate classification depends on HMRC's detailed guidance on rates of VAT for different goods and services; if in doubt, check gov.uk or consult an accountant.

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